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The purpose of the Conference was to bring together leading specialists on the Targums and related topics to discuss issues in the light of recent developments, for instance Second Temple interpretation of the Scriptures, Qumran Literature, targumic and Palestinian Aramaic, new Genizah manuscripts, Jewish tradition, Origen's Hexapla, Pseudepigrapha, Apocrypha and the Christian West. The twenty-six essays in this volume represent the papers read at the international Conference on the Aramiac Bible held in Dublin (1992). It even appears in a verse of Genesis 31 and one verse in Jeremiah 10:11. Some of the original Old Testament is Aramaic, such as Daniel chapters 2 through 7 inclusive, and Ezra 4 through much of 7. As such, it gives an early look at the state of the Hebrew Bible at that time, since Aramaic and Hebrew are sister Semitic languages and about as close to each other as any two languages can be, sharing the same alphabet, writing, grammar, much vocabulary and even similar pronunciation of many words. No Peshitta scholar places the Peshitta OT later than the 2nd century AD. The Peshitta Old Testament is itself a translation of the Hebrew Bible completed in the 1st century AD, according to the available evidence. The Peshitta Bible is the world's first entire Christian Bible. Aramaic was the language of Jesus and of 1st century Israel. This is a prose English and very literal translation of the first five books of the Old Testament (The Torah). The First Century Aramaic Bible in Plain English The Torah The Five Books of Moses Book Review: 41 DETERMINING THE ORIGINAL MEANING OF HEBREW WORDS. The Ancient Hebrew Lexicon of the Bible MAH. 19 RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ORIGINAL HEBREW ALPHABET. 12 APPEARANCE AND FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTIONS. There are also many great Hebrew scholars who, with their research and work, have laid the foundations for me and others interested in the Hebrew culture and language who are much deserving of our thanks.ĪCKNOWLEDGMENTS. I would also like to thank the hundreds of people who have supported my work at the Ancient Hebrew Research Center Website with their suggestions, corrections and encouragement. Also my friend Michael Calpino who continually supported my studies in the Hebrew language, listened to my discoveries and assisted me by working out many word and root origins and meanings. Without his initial introduction into Hebrew thought and language and his instruction in Biblical studies I would never have started this journey into the Ancient Hebrew thought, culture and language. Without her devotion and inspiration this work would never have come to fruition. She has always supported me in this endeavor and allowed me the space and time for research and writing. I am extremely blessed to have been privileged with her as a gift from above and the one who has been my continual companion and confidant. Benner Any part of this book may be copied for non-profit educational purposes only, without prior permission.Īcknowledgments I would first like to thank my wife Denise for her patience and encouragement. The inscription reads "Sh'ma" meaning hear (see Duet 6.4) and is inscribed on a piece of broken pottery dated 586 to 450 BCE.Ĭopyright 2005 Jeff A. Ancient Inscription photo taken at the University of Pennsylvania, Museum of Archeology and Anthropology by the author.

The Ancient Hebrew Lexicon of the Bible ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Hebrew Letters, Words and Roots Defined Within Their Ancient Cultural ContextĬover design by Jeff A.